
How laboratories compare DNA profiles to confirm a horse's sire and dam, what markers they use, and what a result can and cannot tell you.
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Research, records and field notes from the programme.
Standards

How laboratories compare DNA profiles to confirm a horse's sire and dam, what markers they use, and what a result can and cannot tell you.
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Microchip, DNA parentage, screening results and a start record. The documents that separate a registered polo pony from an unrecorded one.
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How microchips and passports identify a horse, where the chip goes, who can fit it, and why the rules differ between countries.
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A studbook is the official record of a breed's ancestry. Learn what it holds, how open and closed books differ, and why buyers should check one.
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